Destiny makers calender
Some exceptions to this basic rule are required since the duration of a solar year is slightly less than 365.25 days. Over a period of 4 centuries, the accumulated error of adding a leap day every 4 years amounts to about 3 extra days. The Gregorian Calendar therefore omits 3 leap days every 400 years, which is the length of its leap cycle. This is done by omitting February 29 in the 3 century years (integer multiples of 100) that are not also integer multiples of 400.[3] For example, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2100 and 2200 are common years, but 1600, 2000 and 2400 are leap years. By this rule, the average number of days per year is 365 + 1/4 − 1/100 + 1/400 = 365.2425.[4] The rule can be applied to years before the Gregorian reform (the proleptic Gregorian calendar). The rule is not directly applicable to years numbered with BC notation. Since 0 is divisible by 4, 100, and 400, the "year 0" (1 BC) is a leap year. Thus the rule can be applied to years before AD 1 if astronomical year numbering is used.[5]
Doyle Rice, USA TODAY
China
recently hacked into U.S. weather and satellite systems, forcing
cybersecurity teams to seal off vital data, officials said Wednesday.
The news comes two days after the U.S. Postal Service announced it had been hacked — also reportedly by the Chinese. Wednesday, President Obama and Chinese President Xi Jinping announced a climate change agreement in Beijing.
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) confirmed the attack but did not indicate the source of the breach. However, the agency told Rep. Frank Wolf, R-Va., that China was to blame, Wolf's spokesman, Dan Scandling, said.
Wolf, who heads the U.S. House subcommittee that funds NOAA, also scolded the agency for not disclosing the breach to the public.
In recent weeks, four NOAA websites were compromised, spokesman Scott Smullen said. "NOAA staff detected the attacks, and incident response began immediately," he said.
The Washington Post, which first reported the attack, said the initial breach was in September, but government officials gave no indication of the problem until Oct. 20.
The Chinese may not have been trying to acquire specific data in either attack but could have been looking for a way into U.S. computer systems to see how unclassified portions of the U.S. government function, said Edward Ferrara, an analyst with technology research firm Forrester.
Even as Obama shook hands with China's president, an unspoken cyberwar continued to run between the two nations, Ferrara said.
"Functionally, we're in a spirit of détente with the Chinese. We're talking with them and trying to cut deals with them, but we're both hitting each other with two-by-fours in the background," he said, adding that the United States maintains the ability to penetrate China's system.
The weather satellite data include forecasts and warnings vital to Americans and the U.S. economy, University of Georgia meteorologist J. Marshall Shepherd said in an e-mail.
"The Chinese hacking of our weather system illustrates that they also understand the value of this data and information," he said. "Every corner of our lives depends on weather information."
NOAA said it performed unscheduled maintenance to mitigate the attacks, but all services have since been fully restored. The agency wouldn't provide details on what was attacked, whether anything was removed, whether malicious software was let loose in the system or how long the maintenance took after the attack.
"These effects did not prevent us from delivering forecasts to the public. The investigation is continuing with the appropriate authorities, and we cannot comment further," Smullen said.
The Chinese could have just been testing U.S. defenses. University of Washington meteorologist Cliff Mass said he's not sure what China would get by harming the U.S. weather network. Though the Chinese have weather satellites, they also use U.S. data in their forecasting, he said.
"The Chinese are as dependent on the weather satellite data as we are," he said. "They would undermine their own weather prediction if the satellite data was not available."
Today's Chinese Date : 4712, Gui-You(Rooster), 22
Gregorian calendar
In the Gregorian calendar, the current standard calendar in most of the world, most years that are integer multiples of 4 are leap years. In each leap year, the month of February has 29 days instead of 28. Adding an extra day to the calendar every four years compensates for the fact that a period of 365 days is shorter than a solar year by almost 6 hours. This calendar was first used in 1582.Some exceptions to this basic rule are required since the duration of a solar year is slightly less than 365.25 days. Over a period of 4 centuries, the accumulated error of adding a leap day every 4 years amounts to about 3 extra days. The Gregorian Calendar therefore omits 3 leap days every 400 years, which is the length of its leap cycle. This is done by omitting February 29 in the 3 century years (integer multiples of 100) that are not also integer multiples of 400.[3] For example, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2100 and 2200 are common years, but 1600, 2000 and 2400 are leap years. By this rule, the average number of days per year is 365 + 1/4 − 1/100 + 1/400 = 365.2425.[4] The rule can be applied to years before the Gregorian reform (the proleptic Gregorian calendar). The rule is not directly applicable to years numbered with BC notation. Since 0 is divisible by 4, 100, and 400, the "year 0" (1 BC) is a leap year. Thus the rule can be applied to years before AD 1 if astronomical year numbering is used.[5]
Doyle Rice, USA TODAY The news comes two days after the U.S. Postal Service announced it had been hacked — also reportedly by the Chinese. Wednesday, President Obama and Chinese President Xi Jinping announced a climate change agreement in Beijing.
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) confirmed the attack but did not indicate the source of the breach. However, the agency told Rep. Frank Wolf, R-Va., that China was to blame, Wolf's spokesman, Dan Scandling, said.
Wolf, who heads the U.S. House subcommittee that funds NOAA, also scolded the agency for not disclosing the breach to the public.
In recent weeks, four NOAA websites were compromised, spokesman Scott Smullen said. "NOAA staff detected the attacks, and incident response began immediately," he said.
The Washington Post, which first reported the attack, said the initial breach was in September, but government officials gave no indication of the problem until Oct. 20.
The Chinese may not have been trying to acquire specific data in either attack but could have been looking for a way into U.S. computer systems to see how unclassified portions of the U.S. government function, said Edward Ferrara, an analyst with technology research firm Forrester.
Even as Obama shook hands with China's president, an unspoken cyberwar continued to run between the two nations, Ferrara said.
"Functionally, we're in a spirit of détente with the Chinese. We're talking with them and trying to cut deals with them, but we're both hitting each other with two-by-fours in the background," he said, adding that the United States maintains the ability to penetrate China's system.
The weather satellite data include forecasts and warnings vital to Americans and the U.S. economy, University of Georgia meteorologist J. Marshall Shepherd said in an e-mail.
"The Chinese hacking of our weather system illustrates that they also understand the value of this data and information," he said. "Every corner of our lives depends on weather information."
NOAA said it performed unscheduled maintenance to mitigate the attacks, but all services have since been fully restored. The agency wouldn't provide details on what was attacked, whether anything was removed, whether malicious software was let loose in the system or how long the maintenance took after the attack.
"These effects did not prevent us from delivering forecasts to the public. The investigation is continuing with the appropriate authorities, and we cannot comment further," Smullen said.
The Chinese could have just been testing U.S. defenses. University of Washington meteorologist Cliff Mass said he's not sure what China would get by harming the U.S. weather network. Though the Chinese have weather satellites, they also use U.S. data in their forecasting, he said.
"The Chinese are as dependent on the weather satellite data as we are," he said. "They would undermine their own weather prediction if the satellite data was not available."
No comments:
Post a Comment